If more than one respiratory virus was detected in the same sample, it was considered as a viral co-infection

If more than one respiratory virus was detected in the same sample, it was considered as a viral co-infection. 338). Specific analysis of a subgroup of 65 individuals with pre-transplant RVIs was performed. Among them, 39 (59%) individuals experienced symptoms and 14 (21.2%) had a lower respiratory tract illness. Four individuals (6.1%) (three rhinovirus and one influenza) needed an intensive care unit admission, of which, three (4.5%) (two rhinovirus and one influenza) were Cilostazol intubated. The patient with influenza illness diagnosed the day of the transplantation died within the 1st 30 days of the illness. Two individuals with rhinovirus illness died within 3 months of unrelated causes. Our data display that rhinovirus infections are predominant in allo-HSCT individuals, including among pre-transplant infections; however, mortality due to pre-transplant RVI is definitely low and was only clearly recognized in one patient with influenza illness. RVI within the month preceding allo-HSCT is not associated with direct morbidity or mortality with this cohort. = 0.61) between organizations and HRV infections occurred more often in immunosuppressed individuals (81.5% vs. 33.3%, 0.001) [6]. Many other respiratory viruses can cause syndromes similar to the common chilly, including human being coronavirus (HCoV), respiratory syncytial computer virus (RSV), parainfluenza (PIV), influenza viruses (FLU), human being metapneumovirus (hMPV), adenovirus (ADV) and bocaviruses [1], and a definitive microbiological diagnostic is essential to investigate the role of each computer virus in high-risk settings. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients receive several programs of chemotherapy and a conditioning routine leading to a transient total aplasia. Individuals also receive immunosuppressive medicines for weeks and even years after transplantation, to prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). As a result, transplanted individuals are at improved risk of infections with potential severe complications. Among this populace, RVI can be more severe than a common chilly, leading to respiratory failure and even death [7]. Any illness before or immediately after the transplantation among these individuals is not anecdotal and must, consequently, be particularly investigated, as it can be a major Cilostazol cause of transplant-related mortality [8]. A retrospective matched case-control study of HRV infections among 141 Cdkn1c allo-HSCT adult individuals pointed out that HRV infections are common after transplantation and are associated with an increase in rehospitalizations of any cause (46.8% versus 24.5%), but not with other results such as ICU admission or mortality [9]. In contrast, another retrospective study among adult allo-HSCT individuals with HRV illness found a 90 day time overall mortality rate of 6% and 41% in instances of top and lower respiratory tract illness, respectively ( 0.001). HRV pneumonia experienced a mortality rate comparable to that of pneumonia with additional respiratory viruses (RSV, PIV, and FLU) [10]. Pre-transplant respiratory viral infections are of particular Cilostazol concern, as they can challenge the transplantation process. Yet, inside a retrospective study among 585 pediatric individuals benefiting from allo-HSCT, transplant delay for individuals having a positive screening test for cytomegalovirus, ADV, RSV, FLU, PIV, or hMPV led to a better overall survival rate (79% versus 54%) and a reduced transplant-related mortality rate (7% versus 26%) [11]. Another retrospective multicentric study including 402 adult and pediatric individuals with pre-transplant HCoV infections found similar results; HCoV lower respiratory tract infections led to a higher three-month overall mortality (16%) compared to HCoV top respiratory tract infections (7%) [12]. In contrast, in their matched case-control study, Abandeh et al. found that individuals with pre-transplant HRV illness experienced non-significantly worse results than those without illness [9]. In our study, we described the epidemiology of RVI in a cohort of adult allo-HSCT patients in the Geneva University Hospitals (HUG) during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic era. We focused on pre-transplant RVI with HRV to determine the clinical significance of a pre-transplant HRV contamination. 2. Material and Methods 2.1. Setting, Study Population, and Design In this.