{"id":877,"date":"2024-12-29T01:03:08","date_gmt":"2024-12-29T01:03:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/socmexfito.org\/?p=877"},"modified":"2024-12-29T01:03:08","modified_gmt":"2024-12-29T01:03:08","slug":"pmc-free-article-pubmed-google-scholar-27","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/socmexfito.org\/?p=877","title":{"rendered":"\ufeff[PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 27"},"content":{"rendered":"

\ufeff[PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 27. current panel of serotype-defining MAbs underestimates by at least 50% the PorB VR variability because reagents for a number of major VR family members are lacking or because a quantity of VR variants within some family members are not identified by serotype-defining MAbs. These problems, also reported for serosubtyping based on the PorA protein, are demonstrated as inconsistent results between serological and sequence analyses, leading to inaccurate strain recognition and incomplete epidemiological data. The information from this study enabled the development of the panel of MAbs currently available for serotyping, by including MAbs of previously undetermined specificities. Use of the expanded serotype panel enabled us to improve the level of sensitivity of serotyping by resolving a number of formerly nonserotypeable strains. In most cases, this information can be used to forecast Griseofulvin the VR family placement of unfamiliar PorB proteins without sequencing the entire gene. PorB VR typing complements serotyping, and a combination of both techniques may Griseofulvin<\/a> be used for full characterization of meningococcal strains. The present work represents the most complete and built-in data set of PorB VR sequences and MAb reactivities of serogroup B and C meningococci produced to day. Meningococcal disease has been a significant cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world (1, 17). Most epidemiological investigations of meningococcal disease use classification schemes based on variations among meningococcal cell envelope molecules. All meningococci communicate PorB, an outer membrane porin protein (OMP); genes have been assigned to either class 2 or class 3 homology allele organizations (11, 21). Most strains also communicate a class 1 OMP (9, 24), which has been named PorA; its gene is definitely designated gene sequencing (PorA variable-region [VR] typing), possess elucidated the natures, structures, topologies, and reactivities of Griseofulvin epitopes in Griseofulvin VRs of PorA proteins. A new serosubtyping designation was created on the basis of variations in two VRs located in surface-exposed loops I (VR1) and IV (VR2) of PorA (14, 16, 22, 26). A similar sequence analysis of PorB proteins has shown four areas with a high level of amino acid variability, VR1 through -4, located in loops I, V, VI, and VII, respectively, of the protein (2, 4, 7, 27, 32). The current panel of 15 serotype-defining monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reacts with only one PorB VR in any given strain; this finding offers historically been interpreted to suggest that a given strain possesses only one immunodominant epitope on the entire PorB protein. Furthermore, 20 to 60% of meningococcal B and C isolates from any given population cannot be serotyped with these reagents, a problem which could distort the serotype prevalence data in defined areas (18, 20, 25). The characterization of VR loops and recent evidence that a serotype-specific sequence can reside in any of four loops suggest that the level of sensitivity of serotyping could be improved through further antigenic analysis of the PorB protein. The goal of this study was to increase the number of PorB epitopes available as discriminatory markers on meningococcal strains. This study (i) Rabbit polyclonal to Vang-like protein 1<\/a> establishes the nucleotide sequences of genes in 41 strains, (ii) estimations the degree of variance in each of the four VRs, (iii) establishes a VR type classification plan for the PorB protein, (iv) identifies the reactivities of all available serotyping MAbs with those strains, and (v) predicts the locations of serotype-defining MAb binding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strains. strains were from M. Griseofulvin Achtman, Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Genetic, Berlin, Germany; O. L. Fr?holm, Statens Institute for Folkehelse (SIF), Oslo, Norway; P. Kriz, National Institute of General public Health (NIPH), Prague, Czech Republic; and F. E. Ashton, Laboratory Center for Disease Control, Tunneys Pasture, Ottawa, Canada (Table ?(Table1).1). Brazilian strains were recovered from blood or cerebrospinal fluid samples from individuals with systemic disease in several states and towns. TABLE 1 Serotype, serosubtype, and PorB VR type characteristics of strains?analyzed strains were serotyped and serosubtyped by dot blotting of whole-cell suspensions (30) with all MAbs listed below. MAbs for serotypes 2a (F12-7B7\/1E10), 2b (F1-9H10\/1B3), 4 (F10-2H7\/1F7), 7 (F22-8B5\/1D10), 17 (F4-3C1\/1A6), and 10 (F11-6D12\/1C5) and for serosubtypes P1.4 (F11-2A9\/1A4), P1.1 (F10-5G6\/1B11), P1.23 (F4-1F1\/1F3), and P1.15.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\ufeff[PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 27. current panel of serotype-defining MAbs underestimates by at least 50% the PorB VR variability because reagents for a number of major VR family members are lacking or because a quantity of VR variants within some family members are not identified by serotype-defining MAbs. These problems, also reported for serosubtyping based on the PorA protein, are demonstrated as inconsistent results between serological and sequence analyses, leading to inaccurate strain recognition and incomplete epidemiological data. The information from this study enabled the development of the panel of MAbs currently available for serotyping, by including MAbs of previously undetermined specificities. Use of the expanded serotype panel enabled us to improve the level of sensitivity of serotyping by resolving a number of formerly nonserotypeable strains. In most cases, this information can be used to forecast Griseofulvin the VR family placement of unfamiliar PorB proteins without sequencing the entire gene. PorB VR typing complements serotyping, and a combination of both techniques may Griseofulvin be used for full characterization of meningococcal strains. The present work represents the most complete and built-in data set of PorB VR sequences and MAb reactivities of serogroup B and C meningococci produced to day. Meningococcal disease has been a significant cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world (1, 17). Most epidemiological investigations of meningococcal disease use classification schemes based on variations among meningococcal cell envelope molecules. All meningococci communicate PorB, an outer membrane porin protein (OMP); genes have been assigned to either class 2 or class 3 homology allele organizations (11, 21). Most strains also communicate a class 1 OMP (9, 24), which has been named PorA; its gene is definitely designated gene sequencing (PorA variable-region [VR] typing), possess elucidated the natures, structures, topologies, and reactivities of Griseofulvin epitopes in Griseofulvin VRs of PorA proteins. A new serosubtyping designation was created on the basis of variations in two VRs located in surface-exposed loops I (VR1) and IV (VR2) of PorA (14, 16, 22, 26). A similar sequence analysis of PorB proteins has shown four areas with a high level of amino acid variability, VR1 through -4, located in loops I, V, VI, and VII, respectively, of the protein (2, 4, 7, 27, 32). The current panel of 15 serotype-defining monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reacts with only one PorB VR in any given strain; this finding offers historically been interpreted to suggest that a given strain possesses only one immunodominant epitope on the entire PorB protein. Furthermore, 20 to 60% of meningococcal B and C isolates from any given population cannot be serotyped with these reagents, a problem which could distort the serotype prevalence data in defined areas (18, 20, 25). The characterization of VR loops and recent evidence that a serotype-specific sequence can reside in any of four loops suggest that the level of sensitivity of serotyping could be improved through further antigenic analysis of the PorB protein. The goal of this study was to increase the number of PorB epitopes available as discriminatory markers on meningococcal strains. This study (i) Rabbit polyclonal to Vang-like protein 1 establishes the nucleotide sequences of genes in 41 strains, (ii) estimations the degree of variance in each of the four VRs, (iii) establishes a VR type classification plan for the PorB protein, (iv) identifies the reactivities of all available serotyping MAbs with those strains, and (v) predicts the locations of serotype-defining MAb binding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strains. strains were from M. Griseofulvin Achtman, Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Genetic, Berlin, Germany; O. L. Fr?holm, Statens Institute for Folkehelse (SIF), Oslo, Norway; P. Kriz, National Institute of General public Health (NIPH), Prague, Czech Republic; and F. E. Ashton, Laboratory Center for Disease Control, Tunneys Pasture, Ottawa, Canada (Table ?(Table1).1). Brazilian strains were recovered from blood or cerebrospinal fluid samples from individuals with systemic disease in several states and towns. TABLE 1 Serotype, serosubtype, and PorB VR type characteristics of strains?analyzed strains were serotyped and serosubtyped by dot blotting of whole-cell suspensions (30) with all MAbs listed below. MAbs for serotypes 2a (F12-7B7\/1E10), 2b (F1-9H10\/1B3), 4 (F10-2H7\/1F7), 7 (F22-8B5\/1D10), 17 (F4-3C1\/1A6), and 10 (F11-6D12\/1C5) and for serosubtypes P1.4 (F11-2A9\/1A4), P1.1 (F10-5G6\/1B11), P1.23 (F4-1F1\/1F3), and P1.15.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-877","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ppar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/socmexfito.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/877","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/socmexfito.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/socmexfito.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socmexfito.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socmexfito.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=877"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/socmexfito.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/877\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":878,"href":"https:\/\/socmexfito.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/877\/revisions\/878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/socmexfito.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=877"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socmexfito.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=877"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socmexfito.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=877"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}